What is an Anal Fistula?

An Anal Fistula is an abnormal, tunnel-like connection between the inside of the anus and the skin surrounding it. It often forms after an infected anal gland (abscess) fails to heal properly.

Though it may start as a small issue, an untreated fistula can lead to persistent discharge, pain, and infection. Thankfully, modern treatments offer safe and lasting relief.

What Causes a Fistula?

• Infected anal glands or abscesses
• Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis
• Tuberculosis (TB)
• Sexually transmitted infections (rare)
• Post-surgical or radiation complications

Most cases begin with an anal abscess that fails to heal completely, resulting in a tunnel from inside to outside the skin.

Symptoms of an Anal Fistula

• Recurring pain or swelling near the anus
• Pus or blood discharge from a small opening
• Foul-smelling fluid drainage
• Irritation or redness around the anal area
• Difficulty sitting for long periods
• Low-grade fever (if infected)

Types of Anal Fistulas

🔹 Intersphincteric

The most common type, lying between internal and external anal muscles.

🔹 Transsphincteric

Passes through both anal sphincter muscles, often forming a curved tunnel.

🔹 Suprasphincteric

Starts in the anal gland and loops above the sphincter to reach the skin.

🔹 Extrasphincteric

Rare, complicated fistula that bypasses sphincters entirely.

Diagnosis & Treatment

Diagnosis

• Physical examination
• Rectal exam with gloves
• MRI or ultrasound for complex cases

Treatment Options

• Fistulotomy: The most common surgery — the tract is opened and cleaned.
• Seton Placement: A surgical thread keeps the tract open and helps it heal gradually.
• LIFT Procedure: A modern approach to close the internal opening without damaging muscles.
• Laser Surgery: Minimally invasive, faster recovery, less pain.

Alternative Therapies

• Ksharasutra Therapy – Ayurvedic thread treatment (available at select centers)
• Dietary Support – High-fiber food and fluids to prevent constipation

FAQs – Anal Fistula

Q: Can a fistula heal without surgery?
A: No. Most fistulas require surgical intervention to heal completely and prevent recurrence.

Q: Is fistula surgery painful?
A: Modern techniques like laser and LIFT offer minimal pain and quick recovery.

Q: What happens if I ignore a fistula?
A: It may worsen, form abscesses, or lead to chronic infection.

🏥 When to See a Doctor?

• Persistent pus or blood discharge from the anal area
• Pain while sitting, walking, or passing stool
• History of anal abscess or prior surgery

👉 Schedule a Consultation Today with our expert colorectal surgeons. Get fast, safe, and permanent relief from anal fistula.